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First United States Satellite and Space Launch Vehicle

By , About.com Guide

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The Jupiter C Rocket - Photo of Explorer 1 Satellite Launch
The Jupiter C Rocket - Photo of Explorer 1 Liftoff

The Jupiter C Rocket - Photo of Explorer 1 Liftoff

NASA
The upper stage tub was spun-up before launch. During first stage flight, the vehicle was guided by a gyro-controlled autopilot controlling both air-vanes and jet vanes on the first stage by means of servos.

Following a vertical launch from a simple steel table, the vehicle was programmed so that it was traveling at an angle of 40 degrees from the horizontal at burnout of the first stage, which occurred 157 seconds after launch.

At first stage burnout, explosive bolts fired and springs separated the instrument section from the first stage tankage. The instrument section and the spinning tub were slowly tipped to a horizontal position by means of four air jets located at the base of the instrument section.

When the apex of the vertical flight occurred after a coasting flight of about 247 seconds, a radio signal from the ground ignited the eleven rocket cluster of the second stage, separating the tub from the instrument section. The third and fourth stages were fired in turn to boost the satellite and fourth stage to an orbital velocity of 18,000 miles per hour.

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