| Benjamin Bloom - Critical Thinking Skills | |||||
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| Benjamin Bloom model of critical thinking | |||||
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Benjamin Bloom's Model of Critical Thinking Perhaps most familiar to educators is "BLOOM'S taxonomy." Benjamin Bloom describes the major areas in the cognitive domain. This information is drawn from the "Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook 1: Cognitive Domain" (1956). The taxonomy begins by defining knowledge as the remembering of previously learned material. Knowledge, according to Benjamin Bloom, represents the lowest level of learning outcomes in the cognitive domain. Knowledge is followed by comprehension, the ability to grasp the meaning of material and goes just beyond the knowledge level. Comprehension is the lowest level of understanding. Application is the next area in the hierarchy and refers to the ability to use learned material in new and concrete principles and theories. Application requires a higher level of understanding than comprehension. In analysis, the next area of the taxonomy, the learning outcomes require an understanding of both the content and the structural form of material. Next is synthesis, which refers to the ability to put parts together to form a new whole. Learning outcomes at this level stress creative behaviors with a major emphasis on the formulation of new patterns or structures. The last level of the taxonomy is evaluation. Evaluation is concerned with the ability to judge the value of material for a given purpose. The judgments are to be based on definite criteria. Learning outcomes in this area are the highest in the cognitive hierarchy because they incorporate or contain elements of knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, and synthesis. In addition, they contain conscious value judgments based on clearly defined criteria. The activity of inventing encourages the four highest levels of learning--application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation--in addition to knowledge and comprehension. Continue with >>> Calvin Taylor's Critical Thinking Model - Talents Unlimited
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