Alhazen (Ibn Al-Haytham), a great authority on optics in the Middle Ages who lived around 1000AD, invented the first pinhole camera, (also called the Camera Obscura} and was able to explain why the images were upside down.
Pictures of a Camera Obscura
Camera Obscura
LOCCamera Obscura
History of Photography
History of PhotographyTimeline of Photography, Film, and CamerasThe Daguerreotype Process
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